The Process…

Baby steps to complete my PhD

By the time I wrote my Chapter 5, I was one step closer to becoming part of the 2% of the population in the United States with a doctoral degree. I was connecting my findings to the theoretical framework I used in my study and the latest research on the topic. This chapter allowed me to interpret my findings by analyzing what had been discovered before my study and adding my findings to academic knowledge. This was powerful! I was finally writing with my voice based on my own research.

However, I had to be careful. I could not overextend my findings; the responsibility of a scholar carries significant weight. Looking back, when reading the findings of previous studies, I also had to consider the participants and the extent to which those findings could be generalized. Most findings, including mine, cannot be widely generalized. We need to be realistic and clear in our writing about this. Limited research does not mean it is invaluable; on the contrary, it serves its purpose to inform and leave the door open for further research. Academia is built this way—from case studies to longitudinal studies and everything in between, each has value in informing and providing stepping stones for the next study.

So yes, my study had limitations. Participants were few, and due to the pandemic, there were no observations (as originally planned, but I had to adapt to move forward). My research still yielded very interesting and needed information in the field of biliteracy and K-3rd grade teachers’ self-efficacy with English Language Learners. Hence, my recommendations in this chapter included studying these topics with more participants (and from more grades) and, based on my findings, including mainstream teachers in professional development sessions about biliteracy (if you read my dissertation, this will make more sense).

This brings me to the importance of implications. My recommendations are geared towards other scholars who would like to study the topics I covered. The implications of my study are geared towards stakeholders, those affected by these issues. This section brings me back to my initial thought process: Why did I engage in this topic in the first place? What did the literature say? What kind of impact do I want to bring? What now? Hence, I stated doable actions that might be considered because my findings, supported by the literature and my conceptual framework, back them up. These implications also have to be measured by the extent covered in my research—no more, no less. Just keeping it real, useful, informed, ethical, and professional.

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I am writing this post two years after I finished my dissertation. Life got busy! However, because I continue to share my journey with candidates, my memories are fresh… and let’s be honest, once you finish a dissertation for a PhD, it will be difficult to forget the experience!

After passing my oral presentation I submitted the application for IRB approval. Once I received it, I engaged in data collection. Though the term “data collection” is straightforward, I had to consider the following to complete this step:

a. Sending my invitation letter to potential participants (attached in Chapter 3).

b. Contacting any colleague to help with forwarding my invitation (which proved the most successful).

c. Sending Consent Forms to potential participants who replied.

d. Scheduling interviews (using the interview guide attached in Chapter 3).

e. Conducting the interviews.

Time management was crucial; I transcribed each interview immediately after completing it. I continued networking and reaching out to find participants who met the criteria. I enjoyed each interview and took notes on the side. I practiced not oversharing my personal experiences with the topic and instead focused on asking follow-up questions to encourage participants to share as much as they wanted.

This final step allowed me to finish my Data Collection. However, chapter 4 also included the results for which I needed to:

f. Transcribe the interviews

g. Organize my coding method for Data Analysis (this is the process I wrote in Chapter 3)

e. Read the transcripts and fill out my spreadsheet for coding purposes

f. Analyze and write results on my chapter 4.

Initially, everything seemed pretty straightforward to me. However, my first attempt at writing the results was not successful. I wrote a narrative with the results and thought that was sufficient. This is where my chair suggested I attend the Sunday Clinics, and my life changed. It did! Dr. Keen and colleagues who had just graduated or were about to graduate were very insightful. The feedback I received allowed me to revise my results section in a week and rewrite it from a different perspective.

As you may know, a narrative alone is not an analysis. I had to connect my findings, identify commonalities and differences, compare and contrast, and tie them to my research questions. After all, the purpose of the study is to answer the research questions, which, in my case, were addressed by participants through the interview protocol I designed. The alignment needed for my proposal came to mind, helping me see the big picture throughout this process.

Please consider that the process listed here followed the requirements on my qualitative study checklist.

When I began writing this chapter, I thought it would be the easiest one to write. However, as this chapter completed my proposal. I had to write it in alignment with the first two chapters. What did that even mean?

Alignment refers to the consistency of concepts and components of my research topic with the purpose, research question, and conceptual framework. This alignment could not be taken lightly. One change of a word or the order in which words are presented could make a big difference.

Additionally, this third chapter described how my study was going to be conducted: the methodology. But not only that, it described why I chose the basic qualitative design and my role as a researcher. Also, where my participants would come from, what kind of instruments I would use, how I planned to collect and analyze data, how to trust the data collected, and ethical concerns.

Underestimating the value of correctly describing the methodology of a study can kill a study.  

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After many revisions, mine was still alive and my proposal was approved. But then I had to defend it. The oral conference with my committee served for me to present my proposal and answer any questions they may have regarding my study. I prepared with my slides, I recorded myself, I practiced and practiced some more. I enlisted my mother to listen to me and give me feedback. This is to say, one cannot do this alone. It is nerve-wracking, and I was better off having someone listening and telling me how to improve my presentation skills, or my content, or the slides. Any piece of information was proven valuable. I passed my oral presentation.

Post 7.

You will read advances on my dissertation that are not timely from here on. I have not written in this journal since I dived into completing Chapter 2 – The Literature Review.

The early job of finding studies related to my topic of interest was easier after doing a mind map. While developing this one, I organized my ideas and categories of concepts. From these concepts, I created the outline of my literature review.

I realized early on that my literature review would guide my dissertation. The second task was to form files on Mendeley that matched my literature outline. The studies I was finding I saved in the corresponding file. To categorize the studies, I read the abstracts. I knew that the abstracts might not contain all the necessary information, but it was a start. As I accumulated studies in the files, I would go back and begin to read each of them thoroughly.

Study after study, I recorded each reference, methodology and design, theorist or conceptual framework, purpose, research question, sample population, and findings. I made an Excel sheet to include one page per topic on the outline, and on each page, I labeled the columns with the data. The last two columns on each page were summary and analysis. I wrote these two in paragraph form after reading each study. I was already anticipating using each of those paragraphs in my review. Additionally, I wrote the analysis of each study in paragraph form, including the methodology, findings, strengths, and limitations. I ended the analysis with how it related to my research.

I repeated this process for each study, in each category. By the time I reached saturation, I had read between 70 to 80 studies. I did not include some studies in the review because they were not closely related to my research or were published five years ago. There was very little information about my specific topic of interest, which justified my research even more.

When connecting all the information under each topic in the outline, I treated my writing as a lecture. I tried to explain the relationship between the studies in each topic to someone who knew nothing about my research. Additionally, I connected the information to the conceptual framework to better understand what had been explored previously and what has not. Such information, in turn, served to justify my research.

Post 6.

Another baby step is accomplished! Chapter 1 was approved, and I am now moving along to work on Chapter 2. Gaining approval of the overview of what my research will be about paves the way for me to do the research on the literature. This is the part of the dissertation I was looking forward to since I began the program. Finding out what has been researched in my topic of interest, specific to my population of interest, and from all angles one can think of exploring.

The most important clue to keep in mind all along is to keep organized. I am using an excel spreadsheet which I organized by topic, by source, and within each, by concept. Keeping track of this information is crucial to describing the Literature Search Strategy within Chapter 2. In reference to the amount of research articles to find and reference…. It is not about the quantity, but the quality of research that counts. I will be done collecting articles when I find saturation.

Saturation seems to be defined in different ways depending on the nature of the research and its design. I am proposing for my qualitative research, that saturation of my literature review will be reached when I no longer find studies published within the time frame allowed (2015-2019) which explored the concepts I will be exploring.

Post 5.

Patience in waiting, in revising, in re-reading, in accepting. I continue to learn the process at the same time as I learn my content.

The process is long, but now I feel I can move on to the next step: The Proposal. In the meantime, I attended residency 3 in Atlanta, where I reviewed so many of the steps for completing my prospectus. Clearly, I should have gone to that one a year ago, but such is life, it does get in the way sometimes. I do have now a clear picture for completing my Proposal.

Presently I am working on my Chapter 1. Adapting the prospectus and following the checklist provided. It does not seem hard, I may be overconfident right now…

What does seem hard is making time to just sit and focus, making the time to just sit and read, and sit and write, and sit and think. This is the biggest challenge when you do not want to neglect your family, but also want to meet your professional goal.

Post 4.

Prospectus Approved.

It took too long.

There really is not much to say about my prospectus being approved other than my patience being tested once again. Revisions were made each time I sent the document back. Some of them made full circle to end up as they were prior to being revised. Other revisions were needed.

Though it was of great value to have 3 professors (or 4) read my prospectus, revise, and give me feedback. I now read my prospectus (the final version) and it is clear, concise, and aligned. The problem, research questions, and approach to explore my problem statement all make more sense. Additionally, the feasibility to explore the problem was demonstrated and most importantly, the prospect is grounded, original, and with great impact on English Language Learners (ELLs).

Now what?

I will be developing a Mind Map with all the concepts I will explore in depth. I will use the concepts to do research on studies exploring them. With those studies in hand, I will analyze them and develop a literature review that will explain the grounds for my proposed study.

 

Post 3.

What I understand is not always what I am explaining.

On a conference call with my second chair, she explained that while I understand the issues with our Latino/Emergent Bilingual students in mainstream classrooms, I had to break it down on my prospectus. In doing so, my readers will understand what I am talking about. One of the first things I share with my creative writing students is for them to understand and think of their audience while brainstorming their stories. I have been failing to recognize my audience.

I thought that my audience was composed of PhD holders, scholars who have gone through the same process I am going through. Hence, I was writing using my scholarly voice to explain my research problem. I did not realize that my audience, though scholarly, will not always have a PhD, and most importantly, will not always have an  background in education. This means they will not always be familiar with the terms used within the bilingual education community. I am in essence writing just as if I am addressing only the teachers in bilingual/dual education programs. Precisely an issue I want to address with my research: Teachers with no bilingual/dual education background are still expected to contribute to the education of English language learners (ELLs), however, we may not be preparing them with the tools to do so successfully. We need to include them in our audiences as well.

My research problem is actually divided into two issues: The first issue I want to explore is the perspective of knowledge of early childhood education teachers on English language learners (ELLs) becoming literate in English and Spanish (biliteracy knowledge). The second one is to explore early childhood education teacher’s perspective of self-efficacy in biliteracy (How confident they feel in that they have sufficient knowledge on biliteracy to be able to contribute to their students’ process of becoming bilingual). Participants of this study will be early childhood education teachers who have English language learners (ELLs) in their classrooms but are not teaching within a bilingual/dual language program.  My challenge is to put these three sentences into one concise one, while not generalizing on terms and also while being specific enough to be understood by anybody in the community. Time keeps running!

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Today I spent the day revising my prospectus for the fifth time. The process of writing this one was not as long as what it has taken for it to be returned after revision from my chair. That is not to say that professors take long in returning our work, because I realize I am not their only student. But that it does take patience to wait and see what I need to fix before sending it back again, and again until it fits our university standards.

I appreciate such scrutiny much more after reading many research papers and dissertations that are not as clear as I would wish them to be. I only hope mine will turn out to be as clear as water through a stream. I just sent it out again and will wait patiently for feedback.

By patiently I mean I will spend the next week drafting organizational documents for further research as indicated by various online workshops I attended online. More on that later, I just added it because as I am learning, the life of a scholar does not stop while waiting for feedback. We rather continue to “read to write”. This is a never ending process… which is why we get into such programs to begin with!

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The journey actually began about six years ago after finishing a certification for online teaching at Walden University Online. My educational journey had already been a long one after finishing up my masters’ degree. Though this time around I was married, with two kids, and two dogs. My parenting/teaching career was already a full time job with homeschooling the kids. Buy why not? Why not enroll in the program for PhD in Education with specialization in Early Childhood Education?

The challenge was set, the finances discussed, and the decision of getting the highest degree in my career was made. Not an easy decision considering that we are still paying for my student loans from previous degrees. Also one not taken lightly knowing that enrolling meant an investment of time as well. The support from my family was and still is real.

This site is now being created because I am in the process of getting my prospectus for dissertation approved. After that comes the proposal, then presentation, and then approval which will lead to me becoming Dr. Levin.

Finalizing the dissertation involves writing about the process itself as much as the research, data collection, and analysis of such data  to state results to my research questions. I intend to use this site to write about that process so that I can use it as a resource. If along the way this serves as insight, inspiration, or a touch of reality for what this journey means, be my guest.